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A microfluidic system for [¹¹C]CO carbonylation reactions

¹ Accelerated Chemistry Division, Advion BioSystems Inc., Louisville, Tennessee

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Objectives: C-11 syntheses of PET imaging agents can be challenging when dealing with long reaction times due to a 20.4min half-life. Carbonylation reactions are no exception. Usually requiring long reaction times and high pressures, carbonylation has not been a practical method in PET tracer development. The objective of this study was to use a microfluidic system to make a practical carbonylation method for PET tracer development.

Methods: Designed on a Nanotek LF (by Advion BioSystems Inc.), a microfluidic reactor was used for the synthesis of amides via CO insertion. The system introduced a premixed solution of iodobenzene, benzylamine, and PdCl₂(COD) to a capillary reactor at high temperature. CO (10% in helium) was introduced to the reactor simultaneously at high pressure. To prevent loss of CO while maintaining high pressures, the system used a segmented gas flow. Cold CO₂ (10% in helium) was also used as a starting reagent to mimic the use of [¹¹C]CO₂. CO₂ was converted to CO via a molybdenum furnace. After passing over ascarite, CO was cryogenically trapped on a molecular sieve in liquid nitrogen. Helium was used to transfer CO from the trap into the reactor at high pressure. After proven success with cold CO₂, [¹¹C]CO₂ was used in the system.

Results: The conversion of iodobenzene to product was 99.9% when adding cold CO directly to the reactor. Beginning with cold CO₂, the conversion from iodobenzene was lowered to 65%. When using [¹¹C]CO₂, 45% of the converted [11C]CO reacted to form an amide in under 30min from EOB.

Conclusions: By means of a microfluidic system, the versatile methodology of carbonylation has become a practical method for PET tracer development. A C-11 labeled amide can be produced efficiently via a [¹¹C]CO carbonylation.

This Article Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Smith, A. Articles by Matteo, J. PubMed Articles by Smith, A. Articles by Matteo, J.